Brain Aneurysms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brain Aneurysms - Essay Example Without proper treatment, patients with ruptured aneurysms have limited functional survival. It has been estimated that only 18 percent are functional survivors at 10 years and 8 percent are disabled, the rest die (Vinas and Wilner, 2008). Thus, it can be said that aneurysms of brain have potential to cause death, debility and deformity. The risk factors can be inherited or acquired (Vega et al, 2002). The disease can occur as familial clustering with no other hereditary disease in the family. The cause for this is not yet known. Research has shown that the incidence of brain aneurysms is about 8-9 percent in those with more than one relative suffering from either an aneurysm or subarachnoid hemorrhage (Vega et al, 2002). Also, there are reports that siblings of affected individuals have higher chances of developing subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysms. Thus it can be said that aneurysm has generic and hereditary links. It has been proposed that certain hereditary connective tissue disorders are associated with the development of aneurysms because of weakening of the vascular walls (Vinas and Wilner, 2008). Some research has shown that 10- 15 percent of patients with autosomal dominant condition polycystic kidney disease develop intracranial aneurysms (Vega et al, 2002). However another connective tissue disorde r Marfans syndrome which was incriminated in the development of brain aneurysms is no longer found to be associated with aneurysms (Vega et al, 2002). Other conditions which have been reported to be associated with brain aneurysms are fibromuscular dysplasia, coarctation of aorta and pheochromocytoma. It has been thought that the elevated blood pressure in these conditions is the cause for the development of aneurysms. Other inherited risk factors which have been incriminated in the development of aneurysms include alpha-glucosidase deficiency, Noonans syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Klineflters syndrome, alpha-1

Ceramics - Incredible Refractory Materials :: Art

Ceramics - Incredible Refractory Materials Introduction First we will start with the definition of refractories and ceramics. Refractories and ceramics are non-metallic materials capable of maintaining physical and chemical stability at high temperatures. Refractories in modern practice are usually ceramic in nature, and are used in a wide variety of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Wherever an industrial process involves heat in excess of 700 to 800 degrees Fahrenheit (roughly), one will find refractory material in place, either as a lining or forming the process vessel itself. Some common process vessels using refractories are; boiler combustion chambers, furnaces like the one in the foundry, incinerators, many emission control scrubbers, rotary kilns and so on. The list is by know means exhaustive. For example, Launch Pads 39A and 39B at the Kennedy Space Center are refractory lined. The shuttles themselves are lined with ceramic tiles to protect them from the heat of re-entry into earth’s atmosphere, these tiles are! unique to the shuttle, but are non-metallic and heat resistant. The Making of Refractory Materials The first step in processing ceramics is crushing of the raw materials. Crushing is usually done in a ball mill, either wet or dry. Wet crushing is more effective because it keeps the particles together and prevents the suspension of fine particles in air. The ground particles are then mixed with additives, the functions of which are one or more of the following: 1. Binder for the ceramic particles 2. Lubrication for mold release and to reduce internal friction between particles 3. Wetting agent to improve mixing 4. Plasticizer to make the mix more plastic and formable. 5. Various agents to control foaming and sintering. 6. De-flocculent to make ceramic-water suspension. De-flocculention changes the electrical charges on the clay particles so that they repel instead of attract each other. Next, it’s time to begin the casting process. The shaping process for refractories are casting plastic forming and pressing. The most common casting process is slip casting. The slip is poured into a porous mold made usually of plaster of paris. Then inverted and the remaining suspension is poured out for making hollow object much like slush casting. The part is then trimmed the mold opened and the part removed. The second process of shaping ceramics is plastic forming. We have various methods of plastic forming such as extrusion, injection molding and jiggering. Plastic forming tends to orient the layered structure of clays along the direction of material flow.

A comparison and contrast Between the works of whitman and hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne and Walt Whitman were both well-known story-authors of their own time. Their enthusiasm in presenting the details of their stories in a more realistic yet humorous approach have made it possible for them to understand the ways by which readers really opt to receive their copies of the stories that they ought to read.The reason why the works of both authors attracted the attention of the researcher of this topic is the fact that the said revolutionary-writers in the American literature have so much to do with how the ways of writing of the American writers today have radically changed through the years (Babbit 17).The constant referral of both authors with their characters as the main life of their stories have particularly made their works interesting as they try every element in their stories to refer back to the characterization of the persons referred to in their writings.Through the research that has been commenced earlier, the authors were indeed referred to as the primary keys to the development of the presentation of the American literature up to the present era. There are times when the writings of the said authors were referred to as something out of the extra ordinary during their own times, however, being extra ordinary on their part has been an effective way of implicating change in the ways by which the thoughts of the American authors are presented to the public in writing.From the traditional serious plot of writing, the prose and poetry of the American literature has been changed into a more radical and liberated presentation that mostly deals with the things and issues that are afflicting the human society at the present era (Irving 32). Reading then became more interesting and entertaining to many audiences of the American literature. Aside from which, the presentation of the informations became more effective and casual that the writings tend to affect all sorts of readers both young and old alike. (Lauter 65)Particularly focusing on the work of Nathaniel Hawthorne on Rapaccini’s Daughter, it could be observed that the writer indeed encourages the use of metaphoric description of the details of the situation being presented through the stories made.This particular new approach in presenting stories that simply stating what is obvious, it could be noted that the writers today have already considered this particular process of presenting details in a much accepted manner, whereas even the deepest thoughts of the writers which are not considered normal or acceptable by the present society have the chance of being shared to readers through the metaphoric presentations as per presented by Hawthorne himself in his first works.Although the said informations have already been gathered, a more in-depth reasoning as to how they actually affected change within the premise of American literature is still encouraged to be given close attention to. Further studies on the matter shall help the readers unders tand why the authors mentioned above sorely needs recognition as they were indeed able to revolutionize the ways by which literature is presented to the society.Come to think of it, if it were not for the historical writers like Whitman and Hawthorne, the ways by which the American authors presented their ideas may not have been liberated at all making reading a much-lesser appreciated source of information considering the fact that technology today gives way to larger and faster ways of spreading information through the Internet in the form of blogs and media presentations. Without the existence of the said authors, American reading materials may not have been as widely accepted in the society as they are today.To be able to come up with the primary informations needed to prove the claims presented in this study, especially that of the works of Hawthorne and the impact that they have been making in the literary presentations of the American writing group, an online library [Questia ] shall be accessed by the author as well as local libraries shall also be consulted.Several commentaries from librarians shall also be incorporated within the study to be able to create a more actual picture of the presentation of the facts that shall be handled within the said paper. The constant attention given to how both authors affected the Modern American Literature shall be continuously used as the basis of the presentation of the informations in this study.Through integrating the results from all possible sources, the author expects the work to be more effective and practical for the public to read and learn from. Not many among the American population would consider this study as an important factor of social advancement. However, considering the fact that literature is an indication of the modern society’s development, this study shall be proven worthy on the basis of its effectiveness in affecting the lives of the people in the human society at present.

The Third Policeman A Lesson in Absurdity Essay - 1571 Words

The Third Policeman: A Lesson in Absurdity The protagonist in Flann O’Brien’s novel The Third Policeman has spent the past several days following the bizarre characters Policeman MacCruiskeen and Sergeant Pluck in an even more bizarre world of his own creation. The narrator, who is bent on receiving his treasure, which is tucked securely inside a black box, follows these characters patiently waiting to receive his fate neatly packed away in a box. The narrator finds himself in the midst of a world in which it takes every stretch of the imagination of the reader and the narrator to understand. O’Brien asks the reader to suspend disbelief and follow along for the ride. O’Brien pushes the boundaries of postmodernism novel and the limits†¦show more content†¦O’Brien tosses the reader on their ear; spinning the world upside-down, and breaks from the modernist view of literature. Through The Third Policeman, O’Brien rebuts these 20th century theories and begs to ask the questio n â€Å"How far can I bend the human mind through literature and still have the reader believe? How far is too far? The answer can be found within the pages of The Third Policeman. The beginning of the 20th century brought about a time of experimentation and quest to understand the human existence, postmodernism, and enlightenment; science and technology, education and scholarship move to the forefront, replacing the traditional and religious previous mindset. The search for enlightenment sent intellectuals and artist asking questions that were not grounded in faith or tradition and usually took aim at the Catholic Church. O’Brien questioning his own beliefs sought to understand these â€Å"new† theories founded in scientific proof. The evidence from these endeavors sprang theories from creation to interworking of the human brain. Let’s first begin by defining the word satire; what is satire? Satire is a literary device used to criticize or expose an individu al or society, usually political, but not always. Satire is usually used to make fun of or exaggerate corruption of blunders of humanity in a humorous manner. So, how does satire fit into Flann O’Brien’s novel The Third Policeman? O’Brien uses satire to expose the ridiculousness of the â€Å"searchShow MoreRelatedwisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pagesprecisely that we take ourselves too seriously. We are rather insignificant little bundles of energy and vitality in a vast organization of life. But we pretend that we are the very center of this organization. This pretension is ludicrous; and its absurdity increases with our lack of awareness of it. The less we are able to laugh at ourselves the more it becomes necessary and inevitable that others laugh at us.9 Humor and Wisdom in Europe: Some Highlights Renaissance Humor: Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes